Everything about Puerto Rican Independence totally explained
The political movement for
Puerto Rican Independence (
Lucha por la Independencia Puertorriqueña) has existed since the mid-19th century and has advocated
independence of the island of
Puerto Rico, in varying degrees, from
Spain (in the 19th century) or the
United States (from 1898 to the present day).
There have been many types of fights for independence in
Puerto Rico, some violent and others peaceful. In 1868, the
Grito de Lares took place, in which revolutionaries took over the town of
Lares and declared the Republic of Puerto Rico.
Ramón Emeterio Betances was the leader of this revolt. The revolt was "squashed" by the forces loyal to Spain.
A number of other leaders, including
Jose de Diego, a well-known intellectual and legislator had sought disconnection from the United States via political accommodation.
Pedro Albizu Campos was an influential revolutionary leader in the early 20th century. He co-founded the
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, a group that used violent means in an attempt to gain independence from the
United States. In the 1950s, the Nationalists staged an uprising in the island (
The Jayuya Uprising); attempted to assassinate
President Harry S. Truman at
Blair House; and, in 1954, led an
attack in the U.S. Capitol building that wounded several legislators.
Puerto Rico was also allowed to have a
constitution in 1952 under the U.S. supremacy clause, subject to U.S. laws and a U.S. Executive and Legislative Branch, which Puerto Rico residents didn't participate in electing or creating. The government suppressed the Nationalist leaders and their activities and the influence of the Nationalist Party waned. A spectrum of Nationalist sentiments and parties exists nowadays in Puerto Rico. A majority of
independentistas today seek to achieve independence through either the electoral or the diplomatic process.
Gilberto Concepcion de Gracia founded the
Puerto Rican Independence Party or PIP, the most influential organization participating in the electoral process. The party has successfully elected some legislative candidates, but has never won more than a few percentage points of the vote in gubernatorial elections (2.7% in 2004 and 10-15% of the archipielago-wide legislative vote
(External Link
)) or in
referenda about the political status of Puerto Rico. Its leader is currently
Ruben Berrios.
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